Installing Oracle 11g R2 on Enterprise Linux 5.5 with ASM
Note: for any installation, you should check the Release Notes documenation before taking
any practical step.
Installation Environment
Emulation software: VMWare Workstation 7 for Windows
OS: Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.5 for x86 64-bit
Required Software
Oracle Database 11g Release 2 for Linux x86 64-bit
Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Grid Infrastructure (11.2.0.1.0) for Linux x86 64-bit
Used Hardware
In the VMWare: create one virtual machine with the following specs:
o 2.5 GB RAM
o One ethernet card configured as bridged or host-only in VMware
o CPU Count: 2
o Disk1: 34 GB on SCSI 0:0 used to install the OS and software
o Disk2: of 12 GB. It will be used for +Data. Set it on controller SCSI 1:1
o Disk3: of 6 GB. It will be used for +Flash. Set it on controller SCSI 1:2
Installation Plan
1. Preinstallation tasks
Hardware requirements
Software requirements
Environment configuration
2. Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation
3. Oracle Grid Infrastructure Patching
4. Oracle Database 11g R2 Software Installation
5. Oracle Database 11g R2 Software Patching
6. Install EM Agent in cluster nodes (if required)
7. ASM Diskgroups Creation
8. Database Creation
9. Complete postinstallation tasks
10. Useful postinstallation tasks
1. Preinstallation tasks
Install Oracle Enterprise Linux in the first local hardisk. Install nothing in the remaining
disks.
Note: for a production system, consider becoming an Oracle Unbreakable Linux customer
and register your server on the Unbreakable Linux Network.
o Configure the swap area in the local hardisk to have 6 GB disk space.
o Give the ethernet card IP 192.168.4.105 the hostname srv07
o Insall the following packages:
Desktop Environments
o GNOME Desktop Environment
Applications
o Graphical Internet (optional)
o Editors (optional)
Development
o Development Libraries
o Development Tools
Servers
o Do not select anything in this group.
Base System
o Administration Tools
o System Tools
Add the package 'sysstat' by clicking on the Details link
and selecting "sysstat - The sar an iostat system
monitoring commands." from the Optional Packages list.
X Window System
Complete the installation
Install further packages:
# to know distribution and version of Linux
cat /etc/issue
# to know kernel version (and its errata level) (2.6.18-194.el5)
uname -r
# to list missed packages:
rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
ksh \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel
# for missed packages, install them:
rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137-3.el5.i386.rpm elfutils-libelfdevel-
0.137-3.el5.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh kernel-headers-2.6.18-194.el5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh glibc-headers-2.5-49.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.5-49.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.5-49.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh libgomp-4.4.0-6.el5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh gcc-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0.3.106-5.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0.3.106-5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.x86_64.rpm
# Oracle ASM Libaray and drivers can be downloaded from here
# to know the kernel verion: uname -rm
# In this case we need:
# library and tools
rpm -Uvh oracleasm-support-2.1.3-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
# SELINUX must be disabled
cat /etc/selinux/config | grep SELINUX=
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
shutdown -h now -r
Check the hardware requirements
# Hardware Requirements (in cluster nodes)
# At least 1.5 GB of physical memory but practically 1.5 is not fine
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
# swap space: same as the amount of physical memory
grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
# to display swap and memory in one command:
free
# if you don't have enought swap,
# you can add swap space by creating a temporary swap file.
# let's say about 500MB:
dd if=/dev/zero of=tempswap bs=1k count=500000
chmod 600 tempswap
mke2fs tempswap
mkswap tempswap
swapon tempswap
# 1 GB disk space in /tmp
df -h /tmp
# 8 GB of disk space for Oracle software
df
The size of the shared memory should be at least the greater of
MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET for each Oracle instance on the computer.
To determine the amount of shared memory available, enter the following
command:
df -h /dev/shm/
# to adjust the shared memory file system size:
umount tmpfs
mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=1200m /dev/shm
Create the required network configuration:
ping srv07
# Network names Resolution
cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 srv07 localhost.localdomain localhost
Create and configure the required OS users and groups
Note: When I tried using differenct OS users and groups for Grid Infrastrucutre and ASM,
I got error later in DBCA.
# Grid Infrastructure (GI) and the Oracle RDBMS home will
# be installed using different users:
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 504 asmadmin
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin oracle
# set passwords
passwd oracle
# make sure nobody user exists (if not there, create it useradd nobody)
id nobody
# define the env variables for oracle user
vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
# Oracle Settings
export EDITOR=vi
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=srv07; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=oradb; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;
export CLASSPATH
# shell startup file
vi /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
# for C shell
vi /etc/csh.login
if ( $USER = "oracle" || $USER = "grid" ) then
limit maxproc 16384
limit descriptors 65536
endif
Configure kernel parameters and shell limits
Note: If you make a mistake with a parameter setting and your system does not start,
then you must start Linux in the single-user runlevel (runlevel 1). At this runlevel, the
/etc/sysctl.conf file is not run.
# Kernel Parameters
# to tune thme, refer to metalink document 169706.1
# Append the following to the /etc/sysctl.conf file as the root user:
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
# to take immediate effect
/sbin/sysctl -p
# User Shell Limits
# memlock is used to increase the per-process max locked memory
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_limits.so
Create partitions in the disks:
Note: On a real life storage, you would create a single whole-disk partition with exactly 1 MB
offset on each LUN to be used as ASM Disk. In fdisk: u (to change units from cylinder to
sectors), n, p, 1, 2048, w.
# as a root, for the disks /dev/sdb .. /dev/sdd
# confirm they are seen:
ls /dev/sd*
#partition the disks:
fdisk /dev/sdb
# answers: "n", "p", "1", "Return", "Return", "p" and "w"
Note: if the following message appears after the "w" command:
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or
resource busy, then you can avoid restarting the machine by the following
command: partprobe
# to make sure partions are created
ls -lX /dev/sd*
Configure ASM drivers:
# as root (to be done in all nodes)
oracleasm configure -i
Default user to own the driver interface []: oracle
Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y
Fix permissions of Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
# Load the kernel module using the following command:
/usr/sbin/oracleasm init
# If you have any problems, make sure you have the correct
# version of the driver (may require Internet connection):
/usr/sbin/oracleasm update-driver
# mark the shared disks: (one node)
/usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk DISK1 /dev/sdb1
/usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk DISK2 /dev/sdc1
# check the disks are marked and seen:
/usr/sbin/oracleasm listdisks
#If you need to unmark a disk that was used in a createdisk command:
/usr/sbin/oracleasm deletedisk DISK1
/usr/sbin/oracleasm deletedisk DISK2
Create the required directories for the Oracle software:
# to know if there is an existing oracle inventory
# from its output, ORACLE_BASE will be parent of oraInventory
more /etc/oraInst.loc
# to identify existing Oracle home directories
more /etc/oratab
# Oracle Inventory Directory
# as a root
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory
# Grid Infrastructure Home Directory
mkdir -p /u01/11.2.0/grid
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/11.2.0/grid
chmod -R 775 /u01/11.2.0/grid
# Oracle Base Directory
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle
#needed to ensure that dbca is able to run after the rdbms installation
mkdir /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle
# Oracle RDBMS Home Directory
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
2. Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation
# software staging folder
mkdir -p /u01/app/stage/ora11gr2gridinfra
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/stage/ora11gr2gridinfra
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/stage/ora11gr2gridinfra
mkdir -p /u01/app/stage/ora11gr2db
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/stage/ora11gr2db
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/stage/ora11gr2db
# as oracle: copy Grid software files to /u01/app/stage/ora11gr2db
# as root:
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/stage/ora11gr2gridinfra
# lunch OUI from the clusterware ( as oracle)
cd /u01/app/stage/ora11gr2gridinfra
./runInstaller
Installation Option
>Select radio button 'Install and Configure Grid Infrastructure for a
Standalone Server'
>Next
Product Language
>Accept 'English' as language'
>Next
Creat ASM Disk Group
>Disk Group Name: Data (12GB disk: DISK1)
>Redundancy: external
>Next
NOTE: If you see an empty screen for you candidate disks it is likely that
ASMLib has not been properly configured or installed. Try reconfigure them.
If you are sure that ASMLib has been properly configured click on 'Change
Discovery Path' and provide the correct destination.
ASM Password
>Specify and conform the password you want to use
>Next
Privileged OS Groups
>Assign the correct OS groups for OS authentication (mostly default is OK)
>Next
Installation Location
>ORACLE_BASE: /u01/app/oracle
Software location: /u01/11.2.0/grid
>Next
Create Inventory
>Specify the locations: /u01/app/oraInventory
>Next
Perform Prerequisite Checks
>Check that status of all checks is Succeeded
>Next
Summary
>Finish
Execute Configuration Scripts
>Run the scripts as instructed in the screen
>OK
>Next
Message: The installation of the Grid Infrastructure was successfull.
>Close
3. Oracle Grid Infrastructure Patching
Apply patch set, if there is any.
4. Oracle Database 11g R2 Software Installation
# as oracle: copy DB software files into /u01/app/stage/ora11gr2db
# as root:
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/stage/ora11gr2db
-- start OUI
su - oracle
cd /u01/app/stage/ora11gr2db
./runInstaller
Follow the steps.
Install database software only.
When executing root.sh, select "y" for ovewriting questions.
5. Oracle Database 11g R2 Software Patching
6. Install EM Agent in cluster nodes (if required)
7. ASM Diskgroups Creation
# as grid user: start the ASM Configuration Assistant (ASMCA)
su - oracle
cd /u01/11.2.0/grid/bin
./asmca
>Disk Groups tab
>Create button
>Disk Group Name: FLASH
>Redundancy: External
>DISK2
>OK
>Exit
>Yes
8. Database Creation
# as oracle
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
./dbca
follow the steps to create a database with sid: oradb
The DBCA may pop up the following message in the end of db creation:
"Error securing Database control, Database Control has been brought up in nonsecure
mode. To secure the Database Control execute the following commands:
... "
# check Oracle processes:
ps -eo pid -o command | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
9. Postinstallation tasks
# backup the root.sh script
cp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh ~/root.sh.bak
cont>>
10. General Useful Postinstallation Tasks in Linux
Consider using rlwrap utility with SQL*Plus and RMAN:
o Using rlwrap Utility with RMAN in Unix-Based Systems
o Using rlwrap Utility with SQL*Plus in Unix-Based Systems
/* Make crs_stat -t more readable */
/* copy the following script into ~/scripts/crstat.sh */
#!/usr/bin/ksh
#
# Sample 10g CRS resource status query script
#
# Description:
# - Returns formatted version of crs_stat -t, in tabular
# format, with the complete rsc names and filtering keywords
# - The argument, $RSC_KEY, is optional and if passed to the script, will
# limit the output to HA resources whose names match $RSC_KEY.
# Requirements:
# - $ORA_CRS_HOME should be set in your environment
# suggested scrip name: crstat.sh
RSC_KEY=$1
QSTAT=-u
AWK=/usr/bin/awk # if not available use /usr/bin/awk
# Table header:echo ""
$AWK \
'BEGIN {printf "%-45s %-10s %-18s\n", "HA Resource", "Target", "State";
printf "%-45s %-10s %-18s\n", "-----------", "------", "-----";}'
# Table body:
$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crs_stat $QSTAT | $AWK \
'BEGIN { FS="="; state = 0; }
$1~/NAME/ && $2~/'$RSC_KEY'/ {appname = $2; state=1};
state == 0 {next;}
$1~/TARGET/ && state == 1 {apptarget = $2; state=2;}
$1~/STATE/ && state == 2 {appstate = $2; state=3;}
state == 3 {printf "%-45s %-10s %-18s\n", appname, apptarget, appstate;
state=0;}'
# then add the following in the .bashrc of oracle user
# if the file was saved in ~/scripts/crstat.sh
alias crstat='~/scripts/crstat.sh'
/* Easy Acces to crs and db homes */
# it is common to access bin directories in clusterware and db homes
# add the following to .bashrc of oracle user
alias db='cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin'
# add the following to .bashrc of grid user
alias crs='cd /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin'
Location:
United States
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